Thursday, February 17, 2022

Sophie Scholl Blends Theory and Practice: Grappling with Eternity

A little more than a month prior to her death — prior to her brutal execution at the hands of the National Socialist government — Sophie Scholl already understood well the risks and dangers in her life. She faced them directly in her thinking.

As an active member of a resistance movement, Sophie could not engage in spiritual thoughts either as a purely intellectual exercise or as simply maintaining a familial or cultural tradition. In her environment, good and evil were concrete and specific factors in daily decisions; the intersection of life and death was never far away.

So it was that she, in journal entries probably intended only for her own eyes, could choose not to be drawn into long threads of speculative thought. Her extensive education made her well aware of historical debates about topics like ‘predestination’ and ‘foreknowledge’ and their complexities.

Sophie Scholl chose, however, to avoid the debate, and for the sake of practical action, to embrace the mystery. ‘Mystery’ and ‘practical’ may seem like odd partners. Yet accepting mystery frees the agent from complex argumentation — frees the human to act with full agency.

So it was that, on January 12, 1943, she wrote:

Die Prädestination und der freie Wille, diese beiden anscheinend nicht vereinbaren Gegensätze — jetzt machen sie mir eigentlich nicht mehr viele Schmerzen, obwohl ich sie so wenig erklären kann wie vorher. Daß Gott allwissend ist, daran glaube ich, und die notwendige Folgerung daraus ist, daß er auch von jedem einzelnen weiß, was nach seiner Zeit mit ihm ist, und von uns allen weiß, was nach der Zeit ist. Dies verlangt auch seine Eigenschaft als unendlicher Gott. Meinen freien Willen fühle ich, wer kann ihn mir beweisen! Doch was ich nicht verstehe, ist die Hölle, der Lazarus im Schoße Abrahams, der dem Reichen in der Hölle den Tropfen kühlenden Wassers aus seiner unendlichen Fülle verweigert.

Yet she was also willing to wrestle momentarily with the metaphysical concept of time. Too easily and too frequently people can forget, or forget to account for, what it might mean to be outside of time.

Concepts like predestination and foreknowledge are intrinsically temporal, and for this reason must be grasped in different ways, depending on whether they are being applied inside time or outside time.

Ich glaube, es ist schon ein Unterschied zwischen Vorbestimmen und Vorauswissen. Vorbestimmung läßt sich für mich viel schwerer, fast gar nicht eigentlich, mit dem freien Willen vereinbaren. Vorherwissen viel eher, obwohl es noch unbegreifliches Geheimnis bleibt. Übrigens ist »Vorherwissen« menschlich gesprochen, da Gott ja nicht an unsre Zeit gebunden ist, man müßte die Vorsilbe »Vorher« streichen und nur Wissen sagen.

Sophie Scholl knew well the probability that her actions would end with her own death. Only weeks prior to that death, her journal entries reveal how clear-eyed she saw that finality. She did not deny or avoid the thought of her destiny. She also did not get lost in an intellectual maze debates about the concepts of predestination and foreknowledge.

Instead she drew strength from meditations like these — strength which empowered her to continue her resistance work until the very end, despite all dangers.